Climatic changes and extreme weather conditions pose a serious risk to the current and future health and well-being of humans, animals and the environment worldwide. Various impacts of climate change on public health are already noticeable and are expected to become more frequent and severe in the future. Those include the geographic expansion of exotic mosquitoes as potential vectors of infectious diseases, increasing physical but also mental trauma due to local weather extremes such as heat, storms and flooding, and the increasing exposure to newly emerging allergens, among others. For example, extreme temperature conditions during heat waves can negatively impact our health in the form of dehydration, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke. Rising temperature may further affect human health through changes in our ecosystem, allowing the spread of water- or vector-borne infectious diseases, such as those caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites passed through contaminated water, mosquitoes or ticks. In order to provide better health outcomes in the view of increasing climate change, a better understanding of the interactions of climate change impacts and their health consequences, but also the role of climate protection is required.